OpenThe Modern Worldthrough 2030, with structural notes to 2035

55–65%
Most likely outcome
D1 Dollar: Gradual Erosion (Modal)
The US geopolitical position in 2026: grand strategy, alliances, and trajectory
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01The Outcomes — 35 scenarios, priced by the research
D1 Dollar: Gradual Erosion (Modal)55–65%
USD share of reserves continues to slide ~0.5pp/year; reaches ~52-55% by 2030; trade invoicing share sticky; no rival currency close to substitution.
Drivers
- Sanctions-driven diversification
- Non-traditional currency growth
- PRC slow-walk CIPS
Signals to watch
- Quarterly COFER
- Saudi pricing decisions
Horizon · 2026-2030
I1 Iran: Weakened-Persistent (Modal)50–60%
Iran weakened by June 2025 strikes and proxy attrition but regime persists; nuclear program partially set back; continued covert competition.
Drivers
- Iran-IRGC institutional resilience
- Regional proxy capacity
- Inability to fully verify nuclear setback
Signals to watch
- IAEA reports
- Proxy activity in Iraq/Syria/Yemen
- Iran economic indicators
Horizon · 2026-2030
E1 Decoupling: Managed Bifurcation (Modal)50–60%
Export controls + outbound investment screening + tariffs continue at current pace; PRC builds parallel supply chains slowly; world economy bifurcates in tech but not finance.
Drivers
- Bipartisan US China hawkishness
- PRC self-sufficiency push
- European hedging
Signals to watch
- Entity List additions
- PRC chip self-sufficiency
- EU position
Horizon · through 2030
L2 Hemisphere: Muddle (Modal)45–55%
Rhetoric persists; kinetic action limited to interdiction and targeted strikes; no major land operation; partial scaling-back after political resistance.
Drivers
- Congressional resistance
- Coalition partner concerns
- Cost
Signals to watch
- Congressional AUMF votes
- Mexican relations
- Casualty levels
Horizon · 2026-2030
A1 Alliances: Indo-Pacific Deepens, NATO Strains But Holds (Modal)45–55%
Quad/AUKUS/Camp David deepen; NATO bumpy but persists; European autonomy grows at margin.
Drivers
- China pressure on Indo-Pacific allies
- European fatigue
- US Asia-first signal
Signals to watch
- Alliance summit outcomes
- European defense spending
Horizon · through 2030
U1 Ukraine: Frozen Conflict (Modal)40–55%
Conflict freezes along current lines; Russia retains territorial gains, Ukraine receives security guarantees short of NATO membership; sanctions ratchet partially relaxed.
Drivers
- Russian wartime economy attrition
- Ukrainian manpower constraint
- US-Europe aid trajectory
Signals to watch
- Frontline stability
- US aid bills
- Russian economic indicators
Horizon · 2026-2027
W2 World: Muddle (Modal)40–50%
Sino-American structural rivalry without kinetic war; gradual dollar erosion; Indo-Pacific deepens; European architecture strains but holds; Latin America posture hardens then partially walks back; no single major crisis dominates.
Drivers
- Multiple modal scenarios coincide
Signals to watch
- The cluster of modal-scenario signals
Horizon · through 2030
T2 Taiwan: Sustained Coercion (Modal)35–45%
PRC runs sustained gray-zone campaign — quarantine-light, ADIZ violations, cyber, economic coercion — without crossing kinetic threshold. US-Taiwan response stays below war.
Drivers
- PLA modernization continuing
- Xi political incentives
- US deterrence credibility
Signals to watch
- Frequency and scale of PLA exercises
- Taiwan economic disruption
- US-Japan-Philippines crisis-management
Horizon · 2026-2030
T1 Taiwan: Status Quo / Deterrence Holds25–35%
Cross-Strait status quo persists; PLA activity remains exercises and gray-zone short of major escalation; US-Japan-Philippines deterrence credibly holds.
Drivers
- US Indo-Pacific buildup
- Japan counterstrike capability
- PRC economic constraints
- Beckley-Brands danger-zone window holds
Signals to watch
- PLA Navy operational tempo
- Taiwan election dynamics
- AUKUS submarine schedule
Horizon · through 2030
U2 Ukraine: Negotiated Armistice with Concessions20–30%
Formal armistice with Ukrainian territorial concessions; structured peace process; eventual sanctions relaxation tied to Russian behavior.
Drivers
- Trump II negotiation pressure
- European fatigue
- Russian elite calculations
Signals to watch
- Track-2 diplomacy
- European positions
- Russian elite signals
Horizon · 2026-2027
L1 Hemisphere: Sustained Monroe Doctrine Revival20–30%
Trump II posture persists past 2028; expanded deployments; Venezuela regime change consolidated; cartel campaign continues; PRC investment displaced.
Drivers
- Bipartisan support for hemispheric framing
- Cartel/fentanyl politics
- China-displacement logic
Signals to watch
- Midterm outcomes
- Mexican cooperation
- Operation Southern Spear evolution
Horizon · 2026-2030
E2 Decoupling: Sharper Bifurcation20–30%
Major trigger (Taiwan crisis, AI breakout, sanctions retaliation) accelerates decoupling; finance and capital markets begin to fragment.
Drivers
- Specific crisis trigger
- Allied alignment
Signals to watch
- Allied positions
- PRC retaliation against US firms
Horizon · 2027-2030
A2 Alliances: Transatlantic Drift Accelerates20–30%
European strategic autonomy accelerates; transatlantic split widens; NATO weakens.
Drivers
- Trump II tariff/burden pressure
- EU integration
- Russia question
Signals to watch
- EU defense union progress
- Article 5 testing
Horizon · 2026-2030
I2 Iran: Regional War15–25%
Major US-Israel-Iran kinetic exchange beyond June 2025 strikes; regional spillover.
Drivers
- Iranian nuclear restoration attempts
- Israeli preventive logic
- Proxy escalation
Signals to watch
- IAEA findings
- Israeli posture
- US carrier presence
Horizon · 2026-2028
L3 Hemisphere: Pullback15–25%
Political resistance, casualties, or strategic refocus produces de-escalation; sanctions architecture adjusted; reset hemispheric relations.
Drivers
- Domestic political shifts
- Allied pushback
Signals to watch
- Civilian casualty events
- OAS reactions
- Congressional appropriations
Horizon · 2027-2030
D2 Dollar: Sharper Decline15–25%
Major US fiscal or geopolitical crisis accelerates diversification; share drops below 50% by 2030.
Drivers
- US debt crisis
- Major sanctions overreach
- BRICS+ payment system uptake
Signals to watch
- US Treasury auctions
- BRICS+ summits
Horizon · 2027-2030
D3 Dollar: Status Quo Stabilization15–25%
Sino-American crisis or PRC capital controls force flight to USD; share stabilizes near 56%.
Drivers
- Crisis-driven safe-haven flows
- Lack of rival
Signals to watch
- Dollar index
- Cross-border holdings
Horizon · 2026-2030
W1 World: Restoration15–25%
Trump II posture produces perceived US re-assertion; allies recommit; China reassesses; dollar holds; semiconductor reshoring delivers.
Drivers
- Successful deterrence
- Allied recommitment
- PRC overreach response
Signals to watch
- Combined alliance/deterrence indicators
Horizon · through 2030
E3 Decoupling: Partial Accommodation10–20%
Fiscal/industry pressure produces partial US-China deals; tariff schedules relaxed; investment flows partially restored.
Drivers
- US business lobby
- Fiscal pressure
- Trump II deal-making
Signals to watch
- US-China summit outcomes
- Tariff schedule revisions
Horizon · 2026-2028
A3 Alliances: Broad Retrenchment10–20%
US scales back across regions; allies hedge openly; Korea/Japan nuclear questions surface.
Drivers
- Trump II retrenchment logic
- Fiscal pressure
Signals to watch
- US troop withdrawals
- Korean/Japanese nuclear discussions
Horizon · 2027-2030
W3 World: Multi-Crisis Cascade10–18%
Taiwan + Ukraine + Iran + hemisphere stress simultaneously; alliance architecture overwhelmed; dollar and Treasury markets stressed; partial fragmentation.
Drivers
- Multiple crisis triggers within short window
Signals to watch
- Multi-theater pressure indicators
Horizon · 2026-2030
W4 World: Negotiated Multipolarity10–18%
Explicit US-China understanding emerges (formal or informal); spheres of influence partially clarified; cooler period.
Drivers
- Mutual cost-acknowledgment
- Trump II / Xi calculation
Signals to watch
- Bilateral summit outcomes
- Joint communiques
Horizon · 2027-2030
I3 Iran: Nuclear Breakout10–15%
Iran demonstrates nuclear capability despite strikes; regional cascade pressure.
Drivers
- Iranian determination
- Strike inadequacy
Signals to watch
- IAEA enrichment data
- Iran withdrawal from NPT
Horizon · 2027-2030
T3 Taiwan: Limited Kinetic Action8–15%
PRC seizes outlying islands (Kinmen/Matsu/Pratas) or conducts limited blockade/missile demonstration; conflict stays sub-invasion.
Drivers
- PRC opportunistic action
- Window-of-opportunity calculation
Signals to watch
- Outlying-island deployments
- Maritime militia activity
Horizon · 2027-2030
L4 Hemisphere: Major Escalation (Land Operation)5–15%
Major Venezuela land operation; OAS rupture; refugee crisis.
Drivers
- Trump II political logic
- Venezuelan provocation
- Regional contagion
Signals to watch
- Force buildup
- Maduro-successor decisions
- Cuba/Nicaragua posture
Horizon · 2026-2028
E4 Decoupling: Tech-War Escalation5–15%
Sanctions-and-export-controls escalate sharply; PRC retaliates on critical minerals/financial holdings; mutual damage.
Drivers
- AI compute concerns
- Crisis-driven escalation
Signals to watch
- Critical-minerals controls
- Rare-earth export restrictions
Horizon · 2027-2030
A4 Alliances: Restoration5–15%
2028 election or external crisis produces restoration of pre-Trump-II alliance posture.
Drivers
- 2028 election outcome
- Major Russia/China crisis
Signals to watch
- Election outcomes
- Major crisis triggers
Horizon · 2028-2030
T4 Taiwan: Full Invasion5–12%
PLA attempts amphibious invasion of Taiwan main island; major war.
Drivers
- PLA Navy modernization curve
- Xi political decisions
- Window-of-opportunity calculation
Signals to watch
- Strategic dispersal of PLA logistics
- PLA reservist mobilization patterns
- PRC strategic stockpiling
Horizon · 2027-2030 (Beckley-Brands danger zone)
T5 Taiwan: Political Accommodation5–10%
Taiwan internal politics shift toward accommodation with Beijing; de facto unification or formal arrangement.
Drivers
- KMT return
- Taiwan demographic and economic pressures
- US extended-deterrence credibility doubts
Signals to watch
- Taiwan elections
- ECFA-style economic deals
Horizon · 2028-2030+
U3 Ukraine: Russian Breakthrough5–10%
Russia achieves operational breakthrough; takes additional Ukrainian territory; alters strategic calculus.
Drivers
- Russian generation of mass over time
- Ukrainian manpower collapse
- Western aid disruption
Signals to watch
- US Congress aid votes
- Frontline manpower data
Horizon · 2026-2028
U4 Ukraine: Ukrainian Breakthrough5–10%
Ukraine achieves operational breakthrough; recovers significant territory; changes Russian internal politics.
Drivers
- Western weapons delivery acceleration
- Russian military disorganization
- Russian elite politics
Signals to watch
- Russian elite signals
- Mobilization protests
Horizon · 2026-2028
I4 Iran: Regime Change5–10%
Internal Iranian regime change; uncertain successor stance.
Drivers
- Khamenei succession
- Economic collapse
- Mass protest
Signals to watch
- Succession signals
- Protest scale
Horizon · 2026-2030
I5 Iran: Regional Deal5–10%
Broad regional settlement; Saudi-Israeli normalization completes; Iran constrained.
Drivers
- Saudi-led diplomacy
- Iranian regime calculation
- Trump II deal-making
Signals to watch
- Saudi-Israeli talks
- Iran-Saudi diplomacy
Horizon · 2026-2028
D4 Dollar: Fragmentation5–10%
Multiple regional currency blocs emerge; sanctions architecture loses bite; structural shift.
Drivers
- BRICS+ payment system success
- Major sanctions backlash
Signals to watch
- CIPS volumes
- Bilateral currency swap totals
Horizon · 2028-2030+
U5 Ukraine: Escalation to NATO Confrontation1–3%
Direct NATO-Russia clash; nuclear use or near-nuclear-use crisis.
Drivers
- Russian desperation escalation
- Miscalculation in Baltic/Polish theater
Signals to watch
- Russian strategic forces alerts
- NATO border posture
Horizon · low through 2030
Probabilities are the research's own scenario bands, priced as outcomes. The full argument — history, current state, drivers, and sources — lives in the corpus: read the Future Trajectory chapter.